the just-war position commits itself to restoring justice to people and contexts in which evil and injustice would otherwise prevail. It thereby aims to achieve a greater good than otherwise would exist. Concomitantly, it refuses to acquiesce to the counsels of skepticism and cynicism that would have us believe that measured and guided coercive force cannot proceed under a moral imperative. While it shares with pacifism the ultimate objective of peace, unlike pacifism it understands, as does Aquinas, that "peace is not a virtue, but the fruit of virtue."93 Therefore, peace must be highly qualified and justly ordered. The Mafia and tyrannical dictators, after all, know and impose a peace that is illicit.War, Peace and Christianity
The church, therefore, exercises no sway over government; neither does government over the church. Every Christian, contends Luther, is a citizen of both domains, with responsibilities in each. This is a departure from medieval thinking, which had tended to conflate the two.War, Peace, and Christianity: Questions and Answers from a Just-War Perspective. Crossway
Peace and stability themselves are the fruit of justice. For this reason, peace is incompatible with a tolerance of evil.War, Peace, and Christianity: Questions and Answers from a Just-War Perspective (Kindle Locations 1057-1058). Crossway. Kindle Edition.
In its classical expression within the Western moral tradition, the use of force finds justification on four principal grounds: to protect the innocent, to recover what has been wrongfully taken, to defend against a wrongful attack, and to punish evil.76 The just warrior, then, takes up arms and enters conflict only reluctantly for the express purpose of protecting innocent human beings and preventing greater evil. The just-war position is made necessary by the fact that we live in the period of the "already but not yet," that is, in the temporal order that is characterized by human fallenness and penultimate peace. Like the pacifist, the just-warrior is committed to "putting violence on trial," in the words of one theorist; and like the pacifist, he will also evaluate life from the perspective of those who suffer and those who are potential victims.77 At the same time, unlike the pacifist, he will highly qualify peace and find deficient the world's definition of peace, fully aware that some forms of "peace" are oppressive, totalitarian, and therefore unjust.War, Peace, and Christianity: Questions and Answers from a Just-War Perspective (Kindle Locations 917-926). Crossway. Kindle Edition.
Rather, it is an approach to statecraft that views peace as not only possible but morally obligatory as a by-product of justly ordered human relationships. Peace, in this light, is not to be understood merely as the absence of conflict; it is rather the fruit or consequence - the by-product - of a justly ordered society. At its best, the just-war tradition has worked to forge moral and political links between the limited use of armed force and the pursuit of peace, security, justice, and freedom.Charles, J. Daryl. War, Peace, and Christianity: Questions and Answers from a Just-War Perspective (Kindle Locations 878-882). Crossway. Kindle Edition.
just-war thinking is best understood as an approach to comparative justice applied to the considerations of war or intervention.
War, Peace, and Christianity: Questions and Answers from a Just-War Perspective (Kindle Locations 369-370). Crossway. Kindle Edition.