The Supper is rightly viewed as a means of grace. The efficacy of the sacraments ...resides not in the faith or virtue of the minister but in the faithfulness of God. As the preaching of the Word makes the gospel audible, so the sacraments make it visible, and the Holy Spirit stirs up faith by both means.
If we want synonyms for "eat" and "drink," we find them in John 6 in such concepts as believe (vv. 29, 35, 47), come (v. 35), see (v.40), hear and learn of (v. 45). All indicate a response to Jesus. The terms eat and drink stress that this feeding by faith is to be as real as literal eating. http://www.tenth.org/resource-library/articles/the-lord-s-supper
In the ordinance believers commemorate the substitutionary death of Jesus Christ on their behalf. They celebrate the forgiveness of their sins through the blood of Christ (Matt 26:28), the establishment of God's new covenant with them, and their hope of one day eating this meal in the presence of God For the Glory of God (161)
By implication, the fact that the Supper is a family meal reinforces a distinction between the church and those who are not part of the church. That is, Jesus does not invite all humanity to his Table. He invites his disciples to come. When we partake of the Lord's Supper, we are declaring to one another and to the world around us that we are no longer part of the world. By the grace of Christ, we have been brought out of the world and into the family of God.The Lord\'s Supper as the Sign and Meal of the New Covenant (Short Studies in Biblical Theology) (p. 96). Crossway.
Circumcision was applied to the male procreative organ, the organ by means of which God's promise to Abraham would come into being. There was, then, a fitting connection between the sign of circumcision and the promise signified. Abraham bore in his own body a physical mark intended to direct him to the divine promise to bring into the world the Redeemer of sinners. In so putting faith in God's promise, represented in the sign of circumcision, Abraham had the truth of this promise confirmed to him. Circumcision was to Abraham, therefore, both sign and seal of the covenant promise to justify sinners by the work of Jesus Christ.The Lord\'s Supper as the Sign and Meal of the New Covenant (Short Studies in Biblical Theology) (p. 49).
God's covenants with people formalize an existing, elective relationship and in this way bring life-and-death issues to the fore. In these covenants, God sovereignly administers promises with corresponding obligations.
The Lord\'s Supper as the Sign and Meal of the New Covenant (Short Studies in Biblical Theology) (p. 31).
Calvin believed the Supper was a feast of remembrance, but he believed it was a feast of communion too. He believed in a real presence, a real spiritual presence whereby we feast on Christ by faith and experience his presence through the ministry of the Holy Spirit. As the Heidelberg Catechism puts it, by faith, we "share in his true body and blood" (Q/A 79).https://blogs.thegospelcoalition.org/kevindeyoung/2015/10/29/the-reformation-gave-us-a-seat-at-the-table/
We speak of the real presence of the Lord Jesus Christ in the service as we know it now, and we seek to respond to him and serve him. We readily admit that there are times when this is difficult and the Lord does not seem to be present. Whether because of sin, fatigue or simply lack of faith, Jesus often seems to be far away. Though we continue on in Christian life and in service, we long for that day when we will see him face to face and be like him (1 Jn. 3:2). The communion service is a reminder of that day. It is a foreshadowing of the great marriage supper of the Lamb. It is an encouragement to faith and an impulse to a higher level of holiness. http://www.tenth.org/resource-library/articles/the-lord-s-supper
The past significance of the Lord's Supper is made clear by the word remembrance. In the Lord's Supper we look back to the Lord's death. We remember his substitutionary atonement, first of all; it is this that the broken bread, representing the Lord's broken body, and the wine, representing his shed blood, most clearly signify. Atonement has to with our being made right with God. Substitutionary means that this was achieved by the death of another in our place. http://www.tenth.org/resource-library/articles/the-lord-s-supper
Our Lord Jesus, in the night wherein He was betrayed, instituted the sacrament of His body and blood, called the Lord's Supper, to be observed in His Church, unto the end of the world, for the perpetual remembrance of the sacrifice of Himself in His death; the sealing all benefits thereof unto true believers, their spiritual nourishment and growth in Him, their further engagement in and to all duties which they owe unto Him; and, to be a bond and pledge of their communion with Him, and with each other, as members of His mystical body.Westminster Confession (29.1)
in the Lord's supper we witness a remarkable transformation. Whereas Israelites would bring their offerings to YHWH, the divine Host, and eat them in his presence, in the Lord's Supper the divine Host offers himself for our spiritual nourishment (John 6:54-58)For the Glory of God (159)
Calvin maintained an intermediate position. Like Zwingli, he denied the bodily presence of the Lord in the sacrament, but in distinction from the former, he insisted on the real, though spiritual, presence of the Lord in the Supper, the presence of Him as a fountain of spiritual virtue and efficacy.Systematic Theology, 646