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Caesarea Philippi was an unlikely place for the first proclamation of Jesus as Messiah, for its population was chiefly non-Jewish. It was also the site of two painful memories to Jews. It was in Caesarea Philippi that Antiochus IV gained a decisive victory over Egypt in 200 b.c., causing Palestine to fall to the Seleucids and plunging the whole region into twenty years of war following the Maccabean Revolt in 168 b.c. The city was also famous for its sanctuary to Pan (from which the city gained the name Caesarea Panias). Half man and half goat, Pan was revered as guardian of flocks and nature and worshipped in a grotto at the foot of Mount Hermon next to the cave from which one of the three major tributaries of the Jordan River gushes forth. It is here in the outer regions of paganism and even hostility to Judaism that Jesus is first proclaimed Messiah!James R. Edwards
Pillar Commentary, Mark

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